The White-winged Lark (Melanocorypha leucoptera) is a small, social bird that belongs to the lark family. This species is easily recognizable by its striking white wings contrasting with its brown upperparts and white underparts. They are found across central and southeastern Europe, Turkey, and central Asia. In addition to being a common species, it is also considered the national bird of Kazakhstan.
White-winged Larks inhabit a range of habitats, including steppe, grassland, and agricultural land. They generally prefer areas that are more open, flat, and bare. White-winged Larks feed on seeds, primarily those from grasses, and occasionally small invertebrates like insects.
During breeding season, White-winged Larks form monogamous pairs. Males stake out and defend a territory, and both parents contribute to building their nest, which is built on the ground and is often lined with grass and feathers. The clutch size for White-winged Larks can range from four to six eggs, which are incubated for about two weeks. Once the chicks hatch, both parents provide for them until they are able to fend for themselves, which usually takes about 30 days.
White-winged larks are generally non-migratory birds, but those in northern areas may migrate southward for the winter. They also form flocks outside of the breeding season. White-winged Larks are known for their fantastic song, which is delivered by the males during the breeding season. They use their calls as part of their territorial song, and these calls are critical for mate attraction.
The White-winged Lark is not a threatened species and has a wide distribution range, but habitat loss due to human activities and agricultural practices can pose a threat. In addition, climate change may also affect the availability of their preferred habitat. Conservation efforts such as the establishment of protected areas, restoration of grassland habitats, and sustainable farming practices can help ensure the future of this fascinating species.